Nouns – creating from different parts of speech
Nouns can be created from different parts of speech by adding correct ending and by changing spelling a little.
NOUNS CREATED OUT OF VERBS
Verb + -er express people or devices performing some activity; this group includes names of professions, hobbyists, athletes and character traits as well:
teach – teacher
play – player
lead – leader
If a verb ends with -e, then we add only -r:
manage – manager
lose – loser
compose – composer
There is a group of verbs where we add an ending -or:
create – creator
detect – detector
Verb + ing express performing an activity:
cook – cooking
climb – climbing
Verb + -ance/ -ence/ -anty/ -ency express activity, state or quality:
continue – continuance
appear – appearance
Verb + -ion express activity or process:
digest – digestion
react – reaction
Verb + -ment express activity, process or effect:
develop – development
disappoint – disappointment
NOUN CREATED OUT OF ANOTHER NOUN
Noun + -hood express a group of people, some type of relation between people or the character of something:
brother – brotherhood
mother – motherhood
Noun + -ship express social position or kind of relationship between people:
friend – friendship
lord – lordship
Noun + -ist express person performing activity or specialize in a particular branch:
motor – motorist
piano – pianist
NOUN CREATED OUT OF ADJECTIVES
Adjective + -ness express an abstract noun defining a state or quality:
happy – happiness
ugly – ugliness
Adjective + -ist express a person with a set of beliefs:
social – socialist
ideal – idealist
Adjective + -ism express a name of a theory or idea:
social – socialism
ideal – idealism
Adjective + -dom express state:
wise – wisdom
free – freedom
SPELLING RULES
- if monosyllabic verb end with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel then the final consonant undergoes doubling:
swim – swimmer – swimming
rob – robber – robbing
- if disyllabic or multisyllabic word end with a consonant preceded by a single vowel the stress is put on the last syllable. The last consonant undergoes doubling:
admit – admittance
- closing -e in a verb trail away before endings -ence/ -ance, -ation , -ion, -ing:
different – difference
dive – diving
restore – restoration
- if a word ends with -y, it changes in -i provided it is preceded by a consonant. In the last example final -y is preceded by a vowel:
happy – happiness
curly – curliness
- before ending -ence/ -ance most of the adjectives ending with a consonant + -t lose final -t:
different – difference
tolerant – tolerance
